Chiara Petersen Fox: 17th August 2011 (Day 1 of Chemo)

Wednesday, 17 August 2011

17th August 2011 (Day 1 of Chemo)

This morning I woke at 5.15am, typical first chance of a complete nights sleep and I wake. I tossed and turned but at the back of my mind was what lay ahead of us today. Mixed emotions, excitement of what could give Chiara her life back and anxiety of all "what if it went wrong".

Richard and I headed over to hospital around 8.30am. Chiara was sitting in her pram bright as a button and happy to see us. She had been given 9 syringes of medication this morning and at 10am her first Chemotherapy would be started through her central line. She was happy and alert. Just her usual self.

10am came and we watched the vial of one of Chemo drugs started. No turning back now.

She fell asleep shortly after. She slept for about an hour. She awoke and by lunchtime had given us quite a few "runny" nappies, effect of drugs maybe as she had been given a few antibiotics.

Another drug was administered at 2pm. We desperately tried to get Chiara asleep to stop her from pulling on the IV line but failed completely as she even at one point tried to get herself out of the back of the buggy.

Another Chemotherapy was administered at 4pm. By this time we were demented as Chiara had failed to sleep and had become extremely grumpy. She had had 3 changes of clothes due to soiling. She ate her dinner at 5pm and by half past had fell asleep on Richard's knee.

We woke a grumpy girl just after 6pm and gave her a bath where she instantly got a new lease of life. We thought, brilliant she will just get milk, drugs and bed. PERFECT or so I thought.....................

She took what should have been her final bottle at 7pm and then I fought with her to keep her awake so I could give her the 10 syringes of medicine. One of which is a sedative. These were given at 8pm. By half past I watched this tired little girl crawl around a cot and pull at her ventilation mask. I lifted her and gave her half another bottle of milk in the hope this would send her off. I tried again to put her to sleep but again I failed as Chiara proceeded to crawl around the cot, she had discovered the control at the back of the bed to make the bed go up and down so this had to be hidden. I lifted her yet again and gave more milk. I laid her back down fingers crossed this would work. I headed back over to Ronald MacDonald for a bite to eat as it was now 9.30pm. I will contact the ward and if she has not settled I will have to return and hopefully get her asleep.

1 comment:

Lynsey Mcginlay17 August 2011 at 23:27
ha ha , that pic of her coming out the bag of the buggy is hilarious i can just hear her just now laughing!! she is a wee devil ,did you manage to get her to sleep?
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MPS1 (HURLERS)

Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of metabolic disorders caused by the absence or malfunctioning of lysosomal enzymes needed to break down molecules called glycosaminoglycans - long chains of sugar carbohydrates in each of our cells that help build bone, cartilage, tendons, corneas, skin and connective tissue. Glycosaminoglycans (formerly called mucopolysaccharides) are also found in the fluid that lubricates our joints.

People with a mucopolysaccharidosis disease either do not produce enough of one of the 11 enzymes required to break down these sugar chains into simpler molecules, or they produce enzymes that do not work properly. Over time, these glycosaminoglycans collect in the cells, blood and connective tissues. The result is permanent, progressive cellular damage which affects appearance, physical abilities, organ and system functioning, and, in most cases, mental development.

The mucopolysaccharidoses are part of the lysosomal storage disease family, a group of more than 40 genetic disorders that result when a specific organelle in our body's cells – the lysosome – malfunctions. The lysosome is commonly referred to as the cell’s recycling center because it processes unwanted material into substances that the cell can utilize. Lysosomes break down this unwanted matter via enzymes, highly specialized proteins essential for survival. Lysosomal disorders like mucopolysaccharidosis are triggered when a particular enzyme exists in too small an amount or is missing altogether.

MPS I is divided into three subtypes based on severity of symptoms. All three types result from an absence of, or insufficient levels of, the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase. Children born to an MPS I parent carry the defective gene.
MPS I H (also called Hurler syndrome or α-L-iduronidase deficiency), is the most severe of the MPS I subtypes. Developmental delay is evident by the end of the first year, and patients usually stop developing between ages 2 and 4. This is followed by progressive mental decline and loss of physical skills. Language may be limited due to hearing loss and an enlarged tongue. In time, the clear layers of the cornea become clouded and retinas may begin to degenerate. Carpal tunnel syndrome (or similar compression of nerves elsewhere in the body) and restricted joint movement are common.
Affected children may be quite large at birth and appear normal but may have inguinal (in the groin) or umbilical (where the umbilical cord passes through the abdomen) hernias. Growth in height may be faster than normal but begins to slow before the end of the first year and often ends around age 3. Many children develop a short body trunk and a maximum stature of less than 4 feet. Distinct facial features (including flat face, depressed nasal bridge, and bulging forehead) become more evident in the second year. By age 2, the ribs have widened and are oar-shaped. The liver, spleen, and heart are often enlarged. Children may experience noisy breathing and recurring upper respiratory tract and ear infections. Feeding may be difficult for some children, and many experience periodic bowel problems. Children with Hurler syndrome often die before age 10 from obstructive airway disease, respiratory infections, and cardiac complications.
MPS I S, Scheie syndrome, is the mildest form of MPS I. Symptoms generally begin to appear after age 5, with diagnosis most commonly made after age 10. Children with Scheie syndrome have normal intelligence or may have mild learning disabilities; some may have psychiatric problems. Glaucoma, retinal degeneration, and clouded corneas may significantly impair vision. Other problems include carpal tunnel syndrome or other nerve compression, stiff joints, claw hands and deformed feet, a short neck, and aortic valve disease. Some affected individuals also have obstructive airway disease and sleep apnea. Persons with Scheie syndrome can live into adulthood.
MPS I H-S, Hurler-Scheie syndrome, is less severe than Hurler syndrome alone. Symptoms generally begin between ages 3 and 8. Children may have moderate mental retardation and learning difficulties. Skeletal and systemic irregularities include short stature, marked smallness in the jaws, progressive joint stiffness, compressed spinal cord, clouded corneas, hearing loss, heart disease, coarse facial features, and umbilical hernia. Respiratory problems, sleep apnea, and heart disease may develop in adolescence. Some persons with MPS I H-S need continuous positive airway pressure during sleep to ease breathing. Life expectancy is generally into the late teens or early twenties.
Although no studies have been done to determine the frequency of MPS I in the United States, studies in British Columbia estimate that 1 in 100,000 babies born has Hurler syndrome. The estimate for Scheie syndrome is one in 500,000 births and for Hurler-Scheie syndrome it is one in 115,000 births.

ERT (ENZYME REPLACEMENT THERAPY)

TREATMENT FOR HURLERS

Currently there is no cure for these disorders. Medical care is directed at treating systemic conditions and improving the person's quality of life. Physical therapy and daily exercise may delay joint problems and improve the ability to move.

Changes to the diet will not prevent disease progression, but limiting milk, sugar, and dairy products has helped some individuals experiencing excessive mucus.

Surgery to remove tonsils and adenoids may improve breathing among affected individuals with obstructive airway disorders and sleep apnea. Sleep studies can assess airway status and the possible need for nighttime oxygen. Some patients may require surgical insertion of an endotrachial tube to aid breathing. Surgery can also correct hernias, help drain excessive cerebrospinal fluid from the brain, and free nerves and nerve roots compressed by skeletal and other abnormalities. Corneal transplants may improve vision among patients with significant corneal clouding.

Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) are currently in use or are being tested. Enzyme replacement therapy has proven useful in reducing non-neurological symptoms and pain. Currently BioMarin Pharmaceutical produces enzyme replacement therapies for MPS type I and VI. In July 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a synthetic version of I2S produced by Shire Pharmaceuticals Group, called Elaprase, as a treatment for MPS type II (Hunter syndrome).

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) have had limited success in treating the mucopolysaccharidoses. Abnormal physical characteristics, except for those affecting the skeleton and eyes, may be improved, but neurologic outcomes have varied. BMT and UCBT are high-risk procedures and are usually performed only after family members receive extensive evaluation and counseling.

Chiara Petersen Fox

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Wednesday, 17 August 2011

17th August 2011 (Day 1 of Chemo)

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